Central City was incorporated as a town on February 4, 1857, by H.K.S. O'Melveney, John Gall, Jacob Oswald, and Balthaser Ross. Madison Howell operated the first store in what was then Gainesville in 1852. The second store was erected in 1853 by James M. Baldwin. Later that year John Gall and Alfred Crosby opened a general store. Mr. O'Melveney was practicing law, and the Wilborn House, a hotel, was operating.